X1: The Groundbreaking Robot Duo Revolutionizing Rescue Missions

Daily Technology

22/12/2025

Engineers have unveiled X1, a pioneering multi-robot system designed for high-risk rescue operations. This innovative team comprises a humanoid robot and a morphing drone, working in tandem to navigate challenging environments where human intervention would be too dangerous. Developed through a three-year collaboration between Caltech and Abu Dhabi's Technology Innovation Institute (TII), X1 represents a significant leap forward in autonomous robotics.

Key Takeaways

X1 is the first multi-robot system to integrate a humanoid robot with a morphing drone for coordinated rescue missions.
The system leverages the strengths of each robot: the humanoid for locomotion and carrying capacity, and the drone for aerial reconnaissance and accessing difficult areas.
X1 is designed to act as a rapid first responder, surveying disaster scenes before human crews arrive.
The robots utilize advanced AI, physics-based models, and machine learning for autonomous navigation and adaptation to changing terrains.
Future developments focus on safety-critical controls and gaining regulatory and public trust for deployment in real-world emergencies.

The X1 System: A Coordinated Rescue Force

The X1 system features a modified Unitree G1 humanoid robot capable of walking and carrying substantial equipment. Perched on its back is the M4, a versatile morphing robot that can transform its configuration based on mission needs. This tightly coordinated team allows each robot to perform tasks it's best suited for, creating a more effective and adaptable rescue unit.

Walking, Wheels, and Wings: Locomotion Plasticity

Traditional single-purpose robots often falter in complex environments. X1, however, demonstrates remarkable "locomotion plasticity" – the ability to switch between different modes of movement. The M4 robot, for instance, can roll on wheels, fly using rotors, and even balance across obstacles. This flexibility is crucial for navigating varied terrains encountered in rescue scenarios. The humanoid robot handles longer distances on foot, while the M4 conserves energy for precise driving and flight maneuvers.

From Lab Demonstration to Real Emergencies

During a recent demonstration at Caltech, the X1 system successfully navigated a complex path, moving from an indoor lab, through a library, and onto an elevated outdoor area. The humanoid robot adeptly managed tight hallways, doorways, and steps before reaching an open space. There, it bent down, allowing the M4 to take off from its back. After landing, the M4 transformed its rotors into wheels, drove to a campus pond, and then flew over the water to complete its objective. This test simulated a rescue scenario, showcasing X1's potential as a rapid first responder.

Ensuring Safety and Trust

While X1 currently operates on scripted missions, the development team is actively working on safety-critical controls. These advanced methods aim to ensure the robots behave safely even when sensors malfunction or conditions are unpredictable. Before X1 can be deployed in actual disaster zones, the team must demonstrate its reliability, provide clear methods for auditing its decisions, and implement emergency stop functions that humans can trigger. The goal is to build trust with regulators and the public, paving the way for these advanced robotic systems to assist in future emergencies.

2025-11-21

Top 10 Key Trends in Home Robotics by 2025

Discover the top 10 emerging trends in home robotics for 2025, including task automation, safety, adaptability, and real-world case studies.